Conical Washers
Conical (Spring) Washers / Disc Spring Washer / Safety Washer / Belleville
Key Advantage
The key advantage of conical washers is the ability to distribute force evenly across a large area, preventing loosening in bolted joints while offering a high level of resilience compared to standard flat or square spring washers.
Delight Industrials manufactured conical springs ensures conformance to the right material including raw material that give the spring like character with certifications and comprehensive traceability.
Superior Design
Its design is optimized to handle high loads relative to its size. These are super critical fasteners that ensure the health of the application and components in place.
They are designed to be used in bolted connections where they help prevent loosening or unfastening of the connection due to thermal expansion/contraction and/or vibrational forces
Finishing
- Phosphating – THis is a zinc phosphate and oil process. The washers will be mat black in colour with traces of oil that can be cleaned using a solvent. The finish is usually sufficient to prevent corrosion in unexposed applications and during transportation and storage.
- Mechanical Zinc Plating – The process allows a substantial thickness of zinc to be applied to the surface of the conical disc spring without the risk of hydrogen embrittlement associated with normal electroplating. Subsequent passivation would seal the plating.
- Geomet – Using a water based zinc-aluminum coating that provides excellent corrosion resistance and heat resistance without the use of Cr6+ with zinc flakes
Important Considerations
- Spring effect when compressed with a conical profile and ability to hold tightly the fastener assembly
- Confirming conical washers maintain tension in bolted joints by resisting loosening caused by vibration or thermal expansion or jerks
- Multiple conical washers can be stacked to yield stronger load deflection characteristics.
(i) Parallel Stack / same direction stack – Stiffer assembly and reduced deflection
(ii) Series Stack / Alternating stack – greater deflection - Material quality, application load calculation, surface finish, environment exposed including corrosivity should be considered while designing the stack.
- To get the best performance and longevity of the washer operationabilituy in the range not exceeding 250℉ fahrenheit or 120℃ celsius
- Exposure to corrosive environment also affects load bearing ability and reactive characteristics.
- The surface processing involving pickling involving brine or acid can affect the strength and resilience
- Spread of rust from adjoining bolts, nuts etc may result in deterioration of characteristics
- In general, larger the outer diameter (O.D.) of the washer, higher the load that can be supported and distributed. Similarly, thickness will also be proportional to the spring action upto the yield point.
Deflection Characteristics
The deflection behavior of a conical washer is influenced by factors such as dimensions (outer diameter, inner diameter, thickness), material properties, and the specific stacking arrangement used in the application. The force-deflection relationship is typically nonlinear, meaning the force required to compress the washer increases as the deflection progresses. DIN EN 16984 (formerly DIN 2092) can be referred to for predicting load deflection behaviour.
Steel Type
- Conical washers are available in the following grades of steel:
- MS Hardened High Carbon Steel: Offers good strength and durability.
- Spring Steel (EN42 / EN 47): Known for its ability to maintain elasticity and return to its original shape, crucial for spring washers.
- SS Stainless Steel (A2-40): offers corrosion resistance and is suitable for harsh environments.
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